Simple answer is no.. You should really be working with a database if you need record-level locking (which you do to do what your trying)
The longer answer is that Excel 2007 has some change control features that let you "check out" the file for short periods, make changes and then "check in", allowing another user to then check out the file..
This requires sharepoint services.. and if you go into Excel 2007 and hit F1, then search for "Using Excel Services to share data while maintaining one version of the workbook" you'll get a full explanation
Hope this helps