It seems that you may have narrowed it down to the motherboard.
You have covered many of the troubleshooting steps to rule out possibilities.
1) You've ruled out the adapter.
2) You ruled out faulty socket power as the laptop power light comes on. (Believe it or not I've seen systems that were "broken" due to a faulty wall outlet that simply didn't function).
3) With faulty memory or CMOS battery you would normally still receive some sort of POST code (beeps) at power up.
If it was my system I would now look at the motherboard.
One other test you could run is to see if the laptop will power up with only the battery and no AC power. Chances are it won't. If it does though, you've identified a faulty AC circuit/connection on the motherboard.