This is a very popular question. See the great replies posted by various experts in this Previously Answered Question at Experts Exchange (which is for Windows XP, but applies to Vista and Windows 7 also):
http://www.experts-exchange.com/OS/Microsoft_Operating_Systems/Windows/XP/Q_24113152.htmlXP Pro computer with 4 GB memory only showing 3.25GB, how can I get it to show 4gb?